![]() A repetitively cycling cell has not previously been reported with a proton-conducting solid polymer electrolyte. Complementary electrochromic cells with the tungsten oxide-PB couple have previously been based on Li or K-conducting electrolytes. This electrochromic system exhibits rapid and deep optical switching characteristics of a complementary configuration, both electrochromic films color and bleach in phase. It is transparent and is comprised of a tungsten oxide and Prussian blue (PB) thin film couple in combination with a proton-conducting, solid polymer electrolyte. « lessĪ new solid-state electrochromic system is presented. Interestingly, these surprising Fe + species play an important role in decreasing the overpotential during the charge (delithiation) process with respect to other conversion systems. Upon charge, Fe 0 NPs preferentially oxidizes into Fe +–N. Both high-spin Fe 2+–N first and low-spin Fe II–C next go through the unusual Fe 1+/I formal oxidation state during the reduction process, before forming surface Fe 0 nanoparticles (NPs) below 0.48 V. The elucidation of the mechanism by in situ 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy further reveals a sequential process for the reduction (lithiation) of the two different iron more » species initially present in Prussian blue. The generation of Fe 0 is confirmed by both techniques, finding that 40 to 58% of iron gets reduced to metallic iron at 5 mV. In this work, ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and in operando 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements are conducted to examine in detail the ongoing reaction mechanism of potassium Prussian blue (K-PB) within the narrow voltage range, and so to determine whether this material truly undergoes a conversion reaction, as we proposed elsewhere. Graphical abstract: Layered protonic ruthenate derived from a potassium form was directly reacted with bulky tetrabutylammonium ions to trigger exfoliation into nanosheets as long as it is highly hydrated. Accordingly, we anticipate that these findings will lead to a better understanding and further interesting applications of intercalation materials like PB for efficient and selective enrichment and = on the basis of in-plane diffraction analysis. These results are significant because they show that PB intercalation reactions selectively form an IDZ. Slower ion intercalation resulted in a weaker IDZ and correspondingly lower enrichment factors of eight- and six-fold, respectively. In the presence of the larger hydrated Li + or tetrabutylammonium (TBA +) ions, however, ion intercalation proceeded less quickly than with K +. In the presence of K +, intercalation reactions proceed readily to form an IDZ, and thus enrich the fluorophore up to 37-fold. The experiments described here were performed using a microfluidic device, wherein a charged fluorophore in solution was used as a proxy to monitor IDZ formation. ![]() ![]() In this work, we report a new approach for forming ion depletion zones (IDZs) using intercalation reactions at an electrochemically controlled Prussian blue (PB) film.
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